Jeremiah 25: A Cup of Wrath and a Call to Justice
The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that was the first year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon;
The which Jeremiah the prophet spake unto all the people of Judah, and to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying,
From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah, even unto this day, that is the three and twentieth year, the word of the Lord hath come unto me, and I have spoken unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye have not hearkened.
And the Lord hath sent unto you all his servants the prophets, rising early and sending them; but ye have not hearkened, nor inclined your ear to hear.
They said, Turn ye again now every one from his evil way, and from the evil of your doings, and dwell in the land that the Lord hath given unto you and to your fathers for ever and ever:
And go not after other gods to serve them, and to worship them, and provoke me not to anger with the works of your hands; and I will do you no hurt.
Yet ye have not hearkened unto me, saith the Lord; that ye might provoke me to anger with the works of your hands to your own hurt.
Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts; Because ye have not heard my words,
Behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the Lord, and Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about, and will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and an hissing, and perpetual desolations.
Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the candle.
And this whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years.
And it shall come to pass, when seventy years are accomplished, that I will punish the king of Babylon, and that nation, saith the Lord, for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans, and will make it perpetual desolations.
And I will bring upon that land all my words which I have pronounced against it, even all that is written in this book, which Jeremiah hath prophesied against all the nations.
For many nations and great kings shall serve themselves of them also: and I will recompense them according to their deeds, and according to the works of their own hands.
For thus saith the Lord God of Israel unto me; Take the wine cup of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send thee, to drink it.
And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them.
Then took I the cup at the Lord’s hand, and made all the nations to drink, unto whom the Lord had sent me:
To wit, Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, an hissing, and a curse; as it is this day;
Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and his princes, and all his people;
And all the mingled people, and all the kings of the land of Uz, and all the kings of the land of the Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Azzah, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod,
Edom, and Moab, and the children of Ammon,
And all the kings of Tyrus, and all the kings of Zidon, and the kings of the isles which are beyond the sea,
Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all that are in the utmost corners,
And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert,
And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes,
And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.
Therefore thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel; Drink ye, and be drunken, and spue, and fall, and rise no more, because of the sword which I will send among you.
And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thine hand to drink, then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Ye shall certainly drink.
For, lo, I begin to bring evil on the city which is called by my name, and should ye be utterly unpunished? Ye shall not be unpunished: for I will call for a sword upon all the inhabitants of the earth, saith the Lord of hosts.
Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them, The Lord shall roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation; he shall mightily roar upon his habitation; he shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth.
A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; for the Lord hath a controversy with the nations, he will plead with all flesh; he will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the Lord.
Thus saith the Lord of hosts, Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, and a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth.
And the slain of the Lord shall be at that day from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth: they shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung upon the ground.
Howl, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves in the ashes, ye principal of the flock: for the days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished; and ye shall fall like a pleasant vessel.
And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the principal of the flock to escape.
A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and an howling of the principal of the flock, shall be heard: for the Lord hath spoiled their pasture.
And the peaceable habitations are cut down because of the fierce anger of the Lord.
He hath forsaken his covert, as the lion: for their land is desolate because of the fierceness of the oppressor, and because of his fierce anger.
Jeremiah 25 stands as a pivotal chapter, marking a significant turning point in the book. It serves as the culmination of Jeremiah’s prophecies of impending doom for Judah, while also foreshadowing God's ultimate justice upon all nations. The chapter, dated around 604 BC, early in Nebuchadnezzar's reign (Jeremiah 25:1), underscores the consequences of Judah’s persistent disobedience and God’s unwavering commitment to His word. Though placed early in Nebuchadnezzar’s reign, its placement in the book emphasizes the climax of Jeremiah's warnings to Judah.
Years of Unheeded Warnings (Jeremiah 25:1-7)
For twenty-three years, Jeremiah faithfully delivered God’s message to the people of Judah (Jeremiah 25:3). Yet, his warnings were largely ignored. He lamented, "I have spoken to you again and again, but you have not obeyed or even paid attention" (Jeremiah 25:3-4). This repeated rejection of God's word ultimately led to the disaster they would face (Jeremiah 25:7). It's a sobering reminder of the importance of heeding God's voice and the potential consequences of spiritual apathy. It makes you wonder how many 'converts' Jeremiah could count on one hand, even after decades of faithful service.
Seventy Years of Captivity (Jeremiah 25:8-14)
As a direct result of Judah's disobedience, God declared a seventy-year captivity in Babylon (Jeremiah 25:11). However, God's judgment was not the final word. He promised that after using Babylon as His instrument of judgment, He would, in turn, punish Babylon for its own wickedness and make it a ruin forever (Jeremiah 25:12).
The prophet Daniel later understood that "the number of years for the desolation of Jerusalem would be seventy" and prayed for God to end the exile and restore His people (Daniel 9:2-3). The number seventy wasn't arbitrary. It represented the cumulative Sabbath years that Israel had neglected to observe, failing to let the land rest every seventh year as commanded in Leviticus 25:1-7. Over 490 years, this amounted to seventy missed Sabbath years. God would ensure His land received its rest, whether through the people's obedience or through their exile. 2 Chronicles 36:21 confirms that the seventy-year exile "fulfilled the word of the LORD through Jeremiah, and the land enjoyed its Sabbath rest...until seventy years were fulfilled." God is indeed "slow to anger" (Exodus 34:6), but His justice is certain.
The Cup of God's Wrath (Jeremiah 25:15-29)
Jeremiah was instructed to offer the "cup of the wine of [God's] wrath" (Jeremiah 25:15) to many nations, a symbolic representation of God's judgment against sin. Sadly, Jerusalem and the cities of Judah were to be the first to drink from this cup (Jeremiah 25:18), followed by the surrounding nations that had provoked God's anger (Jeremiah 25:18-26).
A key principle of biblical justice emerges here: If God would righteously judge those who were called by His name (Jeremiah 25:29), those who did not acknowledge Him could not expect to escape judgment for their sins. Judah's condemnation stemmed, in part, from their mistreatment of the poor and defenseless. Similarly, the nations surrounding Israel were judged for harassing the Jews on their journey to the Promised Land and preying on the weak.
Divine Justice and Social Responsibility
Old Testament prophets like Jeremiah consistently condemned Israel for both idolatry and social injustices. These injustices were not merely secular offenses but spiritual affronts to God (Zechariah 7:9-12). God’s people were called to seek the welfare of their cities and pray for their well-being, contributing to a better society, as we will see further in Jeremiah 29.
This has implications for the church today. Believers are called to execute divine justice on behalf of the defenseless, poor, and oppressed, recognizing that they often bear the brunt of injustice. James 2:15-16 warns against mistreating the poor, and Galatians 2:11-14 condemns class and racial prejudice. The church is commissioned to meet the physical needs of the "have-nots" within its community and in society at large.
However, this should not be confused with enabling irresponsibility, which the Bible strictly prohibits (Proverbs 6:9-11, 10:4, 13:18, 24:30-34; 2 Thessalonians 3:10). Even in the biblical practice of gleaning (leaving portions of the harvest for the poor), the poor were expected to exercise responsibility in gathering what was left (Leviticus 23:22). Effort and reward are connected. The church should strive for conditions where all individuals have equal opportunities to provide for themselves and their families. Governmental leaders also share this responsibility within their spheres of influence.
The Roar of the Lord (Jeremiah 25:30-38)
Jeremiah was commanded to proclaim the Lord's judgment against the nations. Like a lion ready to pounce, God roars against them (Jeremiah 25:30). The nations of Jeremiah's time were characterized by cruelty and oppression, and a fierce judgment was coming that would bring utter disaster (Jeremiah 25:32). The leaders of these nations were warned: "The lion has left his den. The LORD's burning anger will not be quenched" (Jeremiah 25:36-38).
Jeremiah 25 marks the end of the first major section of prophetic pronouncements in the book. Jeremiah had warned and pleaded for repentance, but Judah refused the Lord's discipline. The only thing left was to experience His righteous wrath.
The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that was the first year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon;
The which Jeremiah the prophet spake unto all the people of Judah, and to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying,
From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah, even unto this day, that is the three and twentieth year, the word of the Lord hath come unto me, and I have spoken unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye have not hearkened.
And the Lord hath sent unto you all his servants the prophets, rising early and sending them; but ye have not hearkened, nor inclined your ear to hear.
They said, Turn ye again now every one from his evil way, and from the evil of your doings, and dwell in the land that the Lord hath given unto you and to your fathers for ever and ever:
And go not after other gods to serve them, and to worship them, and provoke me not to anger with the works of your hands; and I will do you no hurt.
Yet ye have not hearkened unto me, saith the Lord; that ye might provoke me to anger with the works of your hands to your own hurt.
Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts; Because ye have not heard my words,
Behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the Lord, and Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about, and will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and an hissing, and perpetual desolations.
Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the candle.
And this whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years.
And it shall come to pass, when seventy years are accomplished, that I will punish the king of Babylon, and that nation, saith the Lord, for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans, and will make it perpetual desolations.
And I will bring upon that land all my words which I have pronounced against it, even all that is written in this book, which Jeremiah hath prophesied against all the nations.
For many nations and great kings shall serve themselves of them also: and I will recompense them according to their deeds, and according to the works of their own hands.
For thus saith the Lord God of Israel unto me; Take the wine cup of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send thee, to drink it.
And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them.
Then took I the cup at the Lord’s hand, and made all the nations to drink, unto whom the Lord had sent me:
To wit, Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, an hissing, and a curse; as it is this day;
Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and his princes, and all his people;
And all the mingled people, and all the kings of the land of Uz, and all the kings of the land of the Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Azzah, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod,
Edom, and Moab, and the children of Ammon,
And all the kings of Tyrus, and all the kings of Zidon, and the kings of the isles which are beyond the sea,
Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all that are in the utmost corners,
And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert,
And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes,
And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.
Therefore thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel; Drink ye, and be drunken, and spue, and fall, and rise no more, because of the sword which I will send among you.
And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thine hand to drink, then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Ye shall certainly drink.
For, lo, I begin to bring evil on the city which is called by my name, and should ye be utterly unpunished? Ye shall not be unpunished: for I will call for a sword upon all the inhabitants of the earth, saith the Lord of hosts.
Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them, The Lord shall roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation; he shall mightily roar upon his habitation; he shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth.
A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; for the Lord hath a controversy with the nations, he will plead with all flesh; he will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the Lord.
Thus saith the Lord of hosts, Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, and a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth.
And the slain of the Lord shall be at that day from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth: they shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung upon the ground.
Howl, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves in the ashes, ye principal of the flock: for the days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished; and ye shall fall like a pleasant vessel.
And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the principal of the flock to escape.
A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and an howling of the principal of the flock, shall be heard: for the Lord hath spoiled their pasture.
And the peaceable habitations are cut down because of the fierce anger of the Lord.
He hath forsaken his covert, as the lion: for their land is desolate because of the fierceness of the oppressor, and because of his fierce anger.
Jeremiah 25 stands as a pivotal chapter, marking a significant turning point in the book. It serves as the culmination of Jeremiah’s prophecies of impending doom for Judah, while also foreshadowing God's ultimate justice upon all nations. The chapter, dated around 604 BC, early in Nebuchadnezzar's reign (Jeremiah 25:1), underscores the consequences of Judah’s persistent disobedience and God’s unwavering commitment to His word. Though placed early in Nebuchadnezzar’s reign, its placement in the book emphasizes the climax of Jeremiah's warnings to Judah.
Years of Unheeded Warnings (Jeremiah 25:1-7)
For twenty-three years, Jeremiah faithfully delivered God’s message to the people of Judah (Jeremiah 25:3). Yet, his warnings were largely ignored. He lamented, "I have spoken to you again and again, but you have not obeyed or even paid attention" (Jeremiah 25:3-4). This repeated rejection of God's word ultimately led to the disaster they would face (Jeremiah 25:7). It's a sobering reminder of the importance of heeding God's voice and the potential consequences of spiritual apathy. It makes you wonder how many 'converts' Jeremiah could count on one hand, even after decades of faithful service.
Seventy Years of Captivity (Jeremiah 25:8-14)
As a direct result of Judah's disobedience, God declared a seventy-year captivity in Babylon (Jeremiah 25:11). However, God's judgment was not the final word. He promised that after using Babylon as His instrument of judgment, He would, in turn, punish Babylon for its own wickedness and make it a ruin forever (Jeremiah 25:12).
The prophet Daniel later understood that "the number of years for the desolation of Jerusalem would be seventy" and prayed for God to end the exile and restore His people (Daniel 9:2-3). The number seventy wasn't arbitrary. It represented the cumulative Sabbath years that Israel had neglected to observe, failing to let the land rest every seventh year as commanded in Leviticus 25:1-7. Over 490 years, this amounted to seventy missed Sabbath years. God would ensure His land received its rest, whether through the people's obedience or through their exile. 2 Chronicles 36:21 confirms that the seventy-year exile "fulfilled the word of the LORD through Jeremiah, and the land enjoyed its Sabbath rest...until seventy years were fulfilled." God is indeed "slow to anger" (Exodus 34:6), but His justice is certain.
The Cup of God's Wrath (Jeremiah 25:15-29)
Jeremiah was instructed to offer the "cup of the wine of [God's] wrath" (Jeremiah 25:15) to many nations, a symbolic representation of God's judgment against sin. Sadly, Jerusalem and the cities of Judah were to be the first to drink from this cup (Jeremiah 25:18), followed by the surrounding nations that had provoked God's anger (Jeremiah 25:18-26).
A key principle of biblical justice emerges here: If God would righteously judge those who were called by His name (Jeremiah 25:29), those who did not acknowledge Him could not expect to escape judgment for their sins. Judah's condemnation stemmed, in part, from their mistreatment of the poor and defenseless. Similarly, the nations surrounding Israel were judged for harassing the Jews on their journey to the Promised Land and preying on the weak.
Divine Justice and Social Responsibility
Old Testament prophets like Jeremiah consistently condemned Israel for both idolatry and social injustices. These injustices were not merely secular offenses but spiritual affronts to God (Zechariah 7:9-12). God’s people were called to seek the welfare of their cities and pray for their well-being, contributing to a better society, as we will see further in Jeremiah 29.
This has implications for the church today. Believers are called to execute divine justice on behalf of the defenseless, poor, and oppressed, recognizing that they often bear the brunt of injustice. James 2:15-16 warns against mistreating the poor, and Galatians 2:11-14 condemns class and racial prejudice. The church is commissioned to meet the physical needs of the "have-nots" within its community and in society at large.
However, this should not be confused with enabling irresponsibility, which the Bible strictly prohibits (Proverbs 6:9-11, 10:4, 13:18, 24:30-34; 2 Thessalonians 3:10). Even in the biblical practice of gleaning (leaving portions of the harvest for the poor), the poor were expected to exercise responsibility in gathering what was left (Leviticus 23:22). Effort and reward are connected. The church should strive for conditions where all individuals have equal opportunities to provide for themselves and their families. Governmental leaders also share this responsibility within their spheres of influence.
The Roar of the Lord (Jeremiah 25:30-38)
Jeremiah was commanded to proclaim the Lord's judgment against the nations. Like a lion ready to pounce, God roars against them (Jeremiah 25:30). The nations of Jeremiah's time were characterized by cruelty and oppression, and a fierce judgment was coming that would bring utter disaster (Jeremiah 25:32). The leaders of these nations were warned: "The lion has left his den. The LORD's burning anger will not be quenched" (Jeremiah 25:36-38).
Jeremiah 25 marks the end of the first major section of prophetic pronouncements in the book. Jeremiah had warned and pleaded for repentance, but Judah refused the Lord's discipline. The only thing left was to experience His righteous wrath.